California Driver Handbook - Traffic Lanes
Examples of lane markings
(1) Solid yellow line: No passing
if solid yellow line is on your side.
(2) Double solid lines: DO NOT pass.
(3) Broken yellow line: May pass if movement can be
made safely.
Line Colors
Solid yellow lines mark the center of a road used for two-way traffic.
Broken yellow lines indicate that you may pass if the broken line is next to your driving lane.
Two solid yellow lines indicate no passing. Never drive to the left of these lines unless you are:
- Turning left at an intersection.
- Turning into or out of a private road or driveway.
- In a carpool lane that has a designated entrance on the left.
- Instructed by construction or other signs to drive on the other side of the road because your side of the road is closed or blocked.
Two sets of solid double yellow lines spaced 2 feet or more apart are considered a barrier. Do not drive on or over this barrier or make a left turn or a U-turn across it except at
Solid white lines mark traffic lanes going in the same direction, such as one-way streets.
Broken white lines separate traffic lanes on roads with two or more lanes in the same direction.
Double white lines are two solid white lines that indicate a lane bar-rier between a regular use and a preferential use, such as a carpool lane. Never change lanes while in these lanes; wait until a single broken white line appears. You may also see these parallel lines in or near freeway on and off ramps.
Choosing A Lane
Traffic lanes are often referred to by number. The left or "fast" lane is called the "Number 1 Lane." The lane to the right of the "Number 1 Lane" is called the "Number 2 Lane," then the "Number 3 Lane," etc.
Example of numbered traffic lanes
Drive in the lane with the smoothest flow of traffic. If you can choose among three lanes, pick the middle lane for the smoothest driving. To drive faster, pass, or turn left, use the left lane. When you choose to drive slowly or enter or turn off the road, use the right lane.
If there are only two lanes in your direction, pick the right lane for the smoothest driving.
Do not weave in and out of traffic. Stay in one lane as much as possible. Once you start through an intersection, keep going. If you start to make a turn, follow through. Last minute changes may cause collisions. If you miss a turn, continue until you can safely and legally turn around.
Changing Lanes
Changing lanes includes:
- Moving from one lane to another.
- Entering the freeway from an on-ramp.
- Entering the road from a curb or the shoulder.
Before changing lanes, signal, look in all your mirrors, and:
- Check traffic behind and beside you.
- Glance over your left or right shoulder to make sure the lane you want is clear.
- Look for all vehicles, motorcyclists, and bicycle traffic in your blind spot.
- Be sure there is enough room for your vehicle in the next lane.
Passing Lanes
Before you pass, look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause other vehicles to move into your lane.
Never drive off the paved or maintraveled portion of the road or on the shoulder to pass. The edge of the main-traveled portion of the road may have a painted white line on the road’s surface. Passing other vehicles at crossroads, railroad crossings, and shopping center entrances is dangerous.
Pass traffic on the left. You may pass on the right only when:
- An open highway is clearly marked for two or more lanes of travel in your direction.
- The driver ahead of you is turning left and you do not drive off the roadway to pass. Never pass on the left if the driver is signaling a left turn.
Carpool /High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) Lanes
A carpool lane is a special freeway lane used only for carpools, buses, motorcycles, or decaled low-emission vehicles. You may use a carpool lane or on-ramp if your vehicle carries the posted minimum number of people required for the carpool lane, or you drive a low-emission vehicle displaying a special DMV-issued decal. Motorcycle riders may use designated carpool lanes, unless otherwise posted.
Signs at the on-ramp or along the freeway tell you the minimum number of people per vehicle required for the carpool lane(s). These signs also list the days of the week and the hours when the carpool requirement applies. The pavement in this lane is marked with a diamond symbol ◊ and the words "Carpool Lane."
These lanes are also known as highoccupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. Do not cross over double parallel solid lines to enter or exit any carpool lane except at designated entry or exit places.
Center Left Turn Lanes
A center left turn lane is located in the middle of a two-way street and is marked on both sides by two painted lines. The inner line is broken and the outer line is solid. If a street has a center left turn lane, you must use it to prepare for or make a left turn, or to prepare for or make a permitted U-turn (CVC §21460.5 (c)).
You may only drive for 200 feet in the center left turn lane. This lane is not a regular traffic lane or a passing lane. To turn left from this lane, signal, look over your shoulder, and drive completely inside the center left turn lane. Do not stop with the back of your vehicle blocking traffic. Make sure the lane is clear in both directions and then turn only when it is safe. Look for vehicles coming toward you in the same lane, preparing to start their left turn.
When turning left from a side street or driveway, signal and wait until it is safe. Then you may drive into the center left turn lane. Enter traffic only when it is safe.
You may drive across a center left turn lane to turn left or to turn into a driveway.
Turnout Areas and Lanes
Special "turnout" areas are sometimes marked on two-lane roads. Drive into these areas to allow cars behind you to pass.
Some two-lane roads have passing lanes. If you are driving slowly on a two-lane highway or road where passing is unsafe, and five or more vehicles are following you, drive into the turnout areas or lanes to let the vehicles pass.
End-of-Lane Markings
Freeway lanes, as well as some city street lanes, which are ending will usually be marked by large broken lines painted on the pavement.
If you are driving in a lane marked with these broken lines, be prepared to exit the freeway or for the lane to end. Look for a sign that tells you to exit or merge, etc.
Shared Roadway Bicycle Markings (Sharrows)
Sharrows are used to remind motorists that bicyclists are allowed to lawfully use this portion of a lane.
Sharrows are used to assist bicyclists with positioning on a shared roadway. They also alert motorists of the location a bicyclist may occupy within the traveled roadway.
Bicycle Lanes
A bicycle lane is a designated traffic lane for bicyclists, marked by a solid white line, typically breaking into a dotted line ending before it reaches the corner. Different from a simple white line showing the edge of the road, a bicycle lane follows specific width requirements and is clearly marked as a bike lane.
- Treat a bicycle lane the same as other traffic lanes.
- Do not turn into the lane if there is a bicyclist in the bike lane.
- Do not obstruct bicycle traffic by reducing the width required for safe bicycle passage, typically 3 to 4 feet.
When you are making a right turn and are within 200 feet of the corner or other driveway entrance, you must enter the bicycle lane only after ensuring there is no bicycle traffic, and then make the turn. Do not drive in the bicycle lane at any other time.
You may park in a bicycle lane if your vehicle does not block a bicyclist and/or there is not a "No Parking" sign posted.
Drivers of motorized bicycles should use bicycle lanes carefully to avoid collisions with bicyclists.
Bicycles In Travel Lanes
When passing a bicyclist in the travel lane ensure enough width for the bicyclist, typically 3 feet. Do not squeeze a bicyclist off the road.
Right Wrong
Bicyclists may occupy the center of the lane when conditions such as a narrow lane or road hazard make it unsafe to ride in a position that may provide room for a vehicle to pass. With any slow-moving vehicle or bicycle, drivers should follow at a safe distance. When it is safe the bicyclists should move to a position that allows vehicles to pass. Remember, bicyclists are entitled to share the road with other drivers.
Bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as vehicle and motorcycle drivers.
Respect the right-of-way of bicyclists because they are entitled to share the road with other drivers. Here are some critical points for drivers and bicyclists to remember. Motor vehicle drivers must:
- Pass a bicyclist as you would a slow-moving vehicle. Allow sufficient clearance, and ample room for movement and unexpected road conditions. Change lanes and pass with caution only when it is safe.
- Always look carefully for bicyclists before opening doors next to moving traffic or before turning.
- Allow bicyclists enough room to avoid colliding with vehicle doors that are opened into traffic.
- Merge toward the curb or into the bike lane only when it is safe.
- Not try to pass a bicyclist just before making a turn. Merge safely where it is allowed, then turn.
- Not drive in a bike lane unless initiating a turn at an intersection or driveway, and not more than 200 feet in advance.
- Make a visual check for bicyclists when changing lanes or entering traffic. Bicycles are small and may be hidden in a vehicle’s blind spot.
- Be careful when approaching or passing a bicyclist on a two-lane highway or freeway.
